Understanding Diabetes and Insulin Resistance: A Lifelong Health Challenge for All Ages
It’s pretty common to hear about people being insulin resistant or diabetic these days. Our sugar-heavy diets often lead to insulin resistance and, if left unchecked, can progress to type 2 diabetes. But what exactly causes these chronic conditions, and what can we do about them?
### Why Your Body Needs Insulin
Insulin is an essential hormone your body needs to function properly. It helps “unlock” your cells so glucose can be used for energy. Insulin also plays a role in storing fat and influencing cell growth. Without insulin, your body can’t use the energy from the food you eat. This is why undiagnosed diabetics are often thin—they can’t use the energy from food, no matter how much they eat. Once they get insulin treatment, they can reach a healthy weight again. In the absence of insulin, the body burns fat for energy, leading to the production of acids called ketones. Too many ketones can cause a dangerous condition known as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which can make the body shut down.
### Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes, also known as juvenile or insulin-dependent diabetes, happens when the pancreas stops working or has limited function. In this case, the immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. Without insulin, the body can’t absorb sugar or energy, so people with type 1 diabetes may appear thin, feel tired, and have breath that smells fruity or like wine.
### Type 2 Diabetes
In type 2 diabetes, certain cells in the liver, fat, and muscles become “resistant” to insulin. This leads to a buildup of glucose in the bloodstream, known as hyperglycemia. People with type 2 diabetes are often overweight, constantly hungry, and tired.
### Causes of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is caused by the immune system attacking the pancreas, usually happening during childhood.
Insulin resistance, however, is more complex and often preventable. Lack of exercise and poor diet are major factors, but even young, active people can become insulin resistant, likely due to genetic factors. Scientists are still researching other possible causes, including stress, which might cause cells to become resistant to insulin.
### What To Do If Diagnosed
If you’re diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, you’ll need insulin shots and will have to learn how to balance your diet with your insulin doses. Eating well and staying active are crucial. You’ll also need medical supplies for your insulin shots, which either you or someone you know can help administer daily.
For those diagnosed with type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance, lifestyle changes are key. You might not need insulin shots but will likely be prescribed medications like Metformin. Many people manage their condition and prevent further complications by eating better and increasing their activity levels.
Make these changes, and you’ll be on the path to better managing or even preventing diabetes.
